Many industries are already complaining about a shortage of skilled workers. But the problem will intensify significantly in the coming years, according to a study by the employer-related Institute of German Economics (IW) in Cologne. Accordingly, there is a threat of two parallel developments up to 2026: Existing skills gaps will increase – and the skills shortage will spread to other professions.
IW economist Alexander Burstedde has analyzed how the labor market situation is developing for a total of 1,300 professional categories. According to the study, 557 of them will be among the bottleneck occupations in 2026, in which the demand exceeds the number of available workers. According to the IW, there were only 408 bottleneck occupations in 2021. “The shortage of skilled workers is spreading to other professions,” says the study.
In addition, the gap in skilled workers will increase significantly in 255 of the 1,300 occupations in the period from 2021 to 2026. However, it will only decrease significantly in eight occupations. In some cases, the shortage is even greater, although more people are working in the profession – because the demand is increasing even more.
According to IW calculations, there could be around 152,000 more educators nationwide in 2026 than in 2021. Nevertheless, there would still be a shortage of around 23,000 staff in childcare and education – and thus significantly more than in 2021. There are also around 20,000 missing social workers and social workers. Here, too, the gap is widening noticeably. The situation is also coming to a head in nursing: According to the IW, there will be a shortage of around 20,000 geriatric nurses and more than 19,000 nurses by 2026 (see table below).
And that’s just the computational gap. The skilled worker gap is defined in the IW study as the number of vacancies minus the suitably qualified unemployed, with current trends in immigration, age structure and occupational distribution being extrapolated. IW author Burstedde himself speaks of a simple model that, for example, does not take into account the extent to which qualified workers and employers actually come together.
Studies that determine the need for skilled workers in other ways sometimes come up with even larger gaps: According to a study by the Böckler Foundation, for example, up to 50,000 full-time employees are already missing in intensive care in hospitals alone.
The developments that the IW report shows are therefore more meaningful than the exact absolute figures. According to the study, there will be an increasing shortage of skilled workers, especially in many technical and manual trades. Despite the increasing number of employees, there will also be a growing shortage of skilled workers for software developers. The same applies to sales occupations: in 2021 there was no shortage of skilled workers for salespeople and cashiers, and by 2026 sales occupations will jump to the top of the bottleneck occupations ranking.
But there is also the opposite case: that the number of skilled workers in a profession is declining without there being a large shortage of skilled workers. According to the study, the number of trained bank clerks will fall by 74,000 by 2026, which is not a problem, however, since the need for classic bank clerks will also decrease.
profession
Skilled labor gap 2026
Increase since 2021
sale
26,192
26,192
child care and education
22,941
6851
Social work, social pedagogy
20,268
4813
elderly care
19,840
2101
Health and nursing
19,167
3423
building electrics
16,341
1581
computer science
15,052
4645
Sanitary, heating, air conditioning technology
14,248
1272
Medical: r Specialist: r
13,587
6387
Construction planning, construction supervision
11,578
3754
physical therapy
11,099
1253
Kraftfahrzeugtechnik
10,638
3448
Electrical operating technology
10,501
8484
Professional drivers (goods transport/trucks)
9351
5282
Dental assistant:r
8978
3153
Wood, furniture, interior design
8948
3184
Electrical engineering
8750
2177
Lagerwirtschaft
8588
8588
tax advice
8286
2388
accounting
8213
5404
Maurerhandwerk
8151
6426
Gardening, landscaping, sports field construction
8086
4141
software development
6921
2380
Painter, varnisher
6920
6920
metal construction
6856
2875
mechatronics
6110
1053
Mechanical engineering, industrial engineering
6087
2951
roofer
6077
3235
Supervision of construction planning, construction supervision, architecture
5989
2424
Sale of meat products
5957
1899
Source: IW Cologne
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