Although the front lines have hardly shifted this year, the fighting has remained fierce. Most recently, the focus was on the almost encircled eastern Ukrainian city of Avdiivka. In October, Russia tried again to take the city. Observers believe that Russian troops have made gradual progress, albeit with enormous sacrifices.

On Wednesday, the Russian Defense Ministry announced that it had taken control of Khromove, a village near the eastern Ukrainian city of Bakhmut. The Ukrainian side said that the Russian troops had “significantly expanded” their operations in the east of the country, but that the Ukrainian armed forces continued to inflict significant losses on the Russian troops.

Ukraine launched a counteroffensive in June. However, she is fighting against well-fortified Russian positions and has made little progress. The Russian army also made no progress, but controls almost 20 percent of Ukrainian territory.