The number of bird flu outbreaks in German and European poultry farms has recently increased significantly again. There have been around a dozen outbreaks in Germany since October, said Timm Harder, head of the National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza at the Friedrich Loeffler Institute (FLI) near Greifswald, to the German Press Agency. “Across Europe it goes far, far beyond that.”
According to him, turkeys were particularly affected in Germany in November. After infections, around 25,000 turkeys had to be killed on a farm in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and around 24,000 turkeys on a farm in Lower Saxony. According to the latest FLI report, more than 1.6 million kept birds across Europe were affected in November alone. Hungary was hit particularly hard. At the beginning of December, the FLI upgraded the risk of spread.
Bird migration and new genotypes
According to Harder, the more frequent outbreaks in holdings are related to seasonality. “And this is ultimately caused by bird migration.” According to Harder, another reason for the increase could be new genetic variants of the virus. Previously, a genotype was rampant that had a harder time spreading to poultry. This particularly infected seagulls. This genotype has now disappeared. “Because either there are no seagulls left or the remaining ones are immune.”
Four new genotypes recently appeared in Germany, said Harder. This may make it easier for the virus to spread.
State of emergency as the new normal
When it comes to bird flu, a state of emergency has become the new normal in recent years. For a long time, bird flu only played a role in this country during the cold season because migratory birds brought it with them. In 2021 there were cases in the summer for the first time, and then in 2022 on an even larger scale. Since then, bird flu has been rampant in this country all year round. It has also spread around the world to an unprecedented extent. Currently, “the white spot” only consists of Oceania and Australia, as Harder said.
Concern about Antarctica
Experts continue to look at Antarctica with great concern. The virus arrived on offshore islands. “It’s basically an overnight trip for an albatross,” says Harder about the distance. There are 20 million penguins on the Antarctic continent that stand close together when they form their colonies. “If someone is infected, it will certainly spread quickly.” It is difficult to collect samples in the region and get an accurate picture.
Most recently in Germany there was no evidence of this in mammals
The global spread also increases the risk for creatures other than birds. Mammals have often become infected and died, presumably because they ate infected birds. According to the FLI report, there was no such evidence in Germany in November. According to Harder, this is also related to a previous decline in wild birds. “There are simply fewer carcasses, fewer sick wild birds to fall prey to carnivores.”
The danger to humans from the virus group that is rampant worldwide is still assessed as low, said Harder. “We are not seeing any new cases.” The most recent cases in Southeast Asia involve a regionally widespread form of the virus.
